Brick and tile kiln



Nov. 12, 1935.

2 Sheets-Sheet 1 A, HABLA,

BRICK AND TILE KIJN Filed Sept. 2l, 19154 A. HABLA Nov. 12, 1935.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Nov. 12, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICEApplication September 21, 1934, Serial No. 744,982 In Great BritainSeptember 25, 1933 6 Claims.

The invention relates to brick and tile kilns in which the firingcircuit is of a tortuous or zig-zag character caused by the projectionfrom the main walls or from the floor and roof, into the firing spaces,of division walls of a temporary or permanent construction.

It is an object of the present invention to construct the division wallsor partitions, which divide the kiln space up into chambers throughwhich the firing followsa tortuous or zig-zag path or paths, so thatthey form heat radiating surfaces.

To attain this object, in accordance with the invention, I form thedivision walls or partitions as hollow walls, or walls with fluesarranged within them, and through these hollow walls, or the flues inthe walls, I circulate hot gases or hot air, and in certaincircumstances may circulate cooling air as hereinafter set forth.

This allows sensitive goods to be warmed up and the first drying to takeplace gradually and carefully as these stages are carried out wholly ormainly by radiation. Further, as the green bricks or tiles can be placedin the chambers and warmed by radiation without the circulation of airor gases through the chambers themselves, these first stages of Warmingup and drying will take place in a humid atmosphere eminently suited tothe treatment of sensitive goods as it avoids sudden physical changesand cracking or distortion due to these changes.

In order to describe the design and working of my invention I haveappended hereunto drawings illustrating diiferent examples of kilns withmy improvements applied.

Figure 1 is a plan of -a kiln with one zig-zag ring circuit.

Figure 2 is a cross section on the line 2--2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a cross section through the kiln on line 3--3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 shows a plan of part of a single zig-zag kiln in which gratesare used in order to warm up the division walls.

Figure 5 shows a plan of part of a double zigzag kiln in which thewarming up of the division walls is carried out as in Figure 4.

Figure 6 shows a plan of a double zig-zag kiln with my improvementsapplied.V

` Figure 'l is a cross section on line 'l-l of Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a section of this kiln on line 8-8 of Figure 6.

The single zig-zag kiln shown in Figures l to 4 consists of twentychambers as does also the double zig-Zag firing circuit kiln illustratedin Figures 5 to 8. Apart from the preheating and warming up of the goodsand the cooling down again of the chambers by means of the radiatingdivision walls, the drying and burning of these 5 kilns'follows on linesalready known in this art, see for example the specification of theBritish Patent No. 389,689.

In the accompanying drawings a is the smoke flue which is connected withthe individual cham- 10 bers by branch iiues b, these branch iiues beingcontrolled by vdampers c. The smoke flue a is connected to a fan orchimney d.

Above the smoke flue is arranged the heat conducting ue e and above theside walls is arranged a surrounding heat conducting flue f. Between theheat conducting flue e and the surrounding flue f smaller connectingflues g are arranged and are carried in zig-Zag fashion through thedivision walls h so that hot gases or hot air can be drawn from the heatconducting flue e through these division walls and into the surroundingflue f. This passage of gases or hot air through the connecting flues iscontrolled by suitably placed dampers such as those indicated by thereference letter ic.

The chambers between the division walls h are numbered 1 to 20 in Figurel.

Fuel is fed to the goods set up in the chambers, through feed holes m inthe known manner. Small flues n are provided which communicate with thechambers by means of the feed holes m and by means of dampers o canplace the chambers in communication with the zig-zag flues g andso,subject to the position of dampers k, with the heat conducting flue eand the flue f. The doorways for giving access to the kiln for theworkmen for setting and unloading are represented by p, while qindicates closure caps on small inlets from the atmosphere to thehollows or iiues g in the division walls h.

The operation of a kiln built in this manner is as follows:-

The kiln is partly or fully set with goods to be burnt which are wheeledin through the doorways p, and a small fire is lighted on a temporaryfurnace, built say at r between the chambers 2U and I. The fire isgradually increased in the usual way until it reaches full capacity. Byoperating the dampers c controlling the flues b leading to the chambersI, 2, etc., from the smoke flue a the heat is conducted in the desiredsequence to the chambers and the ring carried out in the usual way ofcontinuous kilns.

When the continuous working is proceeding,

' und assuming that chambers l to i are cooling, chamers 5 to ill willbe ring, chambers il, l2 and i3 will be warming up by the passagethrough them of smoke gases owing to the opening of the respectivedampers c, chambers Iii to I8V may be set with green goods and in thatcase these goods may be warmed up by radiation from the division walls hthrough which heat is circulated by opening theV dampers y' and lc. Thedampers o place the small lues n, which communicate with the feed holesm to the chambers, into communication with the iiues g in the walls h.This is shown in the plans Figures 1 and 6 for two of Ythe chambersonly, for ease of illustration.

Thus, by opening the dampers o in those chambers which are cooling downand also the'dampers j of those chambers, heat will pass from themthrough m, n, o and g to the surrounding flue f, and from this flue willbe passed into the 'nues g of the chambers to be warmed up Vby openingthe dampers j and 7c of these latter chambers. The heat will thuscirculate through the division walls in these chambers and heat thechambers by radiation. In these chambers set with green goods, e. g.,lli to I8, the warming up of the goods can take place without contactwith any air, as none is drawn through the chambers, and in a humidatmosphere caused by the moisture given of by the goods; thus surfacedrying and cracking and distortion due to unequal heating can, as statedin the opening parts of the specification, be avoided.

The flue connections just described can also be used for after drying,that is after warming up has taken place, as hotY air can be drawn fromthe flue f through flues g past damper o to the small iiues n and by thefeed holes into any particular chamber. For example out of the chamberswhich have most recently been setiili to i8) lli to l5 may be afterdrying by lt air circulating through the chambers and il' and i3 may bewarming up purely by the heat from their division walls h through whichhot air is being passed in the nues g. Chamber I9 would be in theprocess of being set with green goods, and chamber El] unloading.

By means of Vthis procedure the goods are warmed up in the rst state ina humid atmosphere without air movement amongst the goods. By suchpredrying and warming up the rst state of drying can be done with thegreatest `care and without risk.

For the final drying the hot air passes through the dampers o into theindividual chambers and is drawn off by opening the dampers c'in thesame way 4as the hot gases. In Figures 4 and 5 the warming up of thedivision walls h is done by means of separate grates s on which a smallfire is lighted when required. The hot gases from these grates will passthrough the dues g of the division Walls h and past the dampers y intothe smoke iiue a.

The procedure with the double zig-zag kiln shown in Figures 5 to 8 isthe same as described for the single Zig-aag kiln and the same referenceletters are used for the various parts.

These improved kilns can be erected for firing in, one, two or morezig-zag circuits.

There is a further advantage in my invention. In the ordinary singlezig-zag kilns shown up to the present time the men in unloading andsetting the chambers have frequently to work in a heated atmosphere. Inmy new kiln the division walls h around any such chambers can be cooleddown if desired by drawing outside air through for feeding fuel to thechambers, and flues placing the chambers in communication with a smokeflue; a heat conducting flue, passages formed in the division walls, andmeans for causing heat from the conducting flue to flow around thepassages in the division walls so that these can be warmed up.

2. A kiln for drying and burning bricks, tiles and similar articlescomprising main walls and division walls within the main walls forforming the chambers for the goods to be treated, means for feeding fuelto the chambers, and flues placing the chambers in communication with asmoke ilue; a heat conducting flue, passages formedV in the divisionwalls, means for causing heat from the conducting flue to flow aroundthe passages in the division walls so that these can be warmed up, andmeans whereby the passages in the division Walls can be placed incommunication with the atmosphere so that cool air may be drawn varoundsaid passages for cooling down the chambers.

3. A kiln for drying and burning bricks, tiles and similar articlescomprising in combination main enclosing walls, division walls withinthe main walls forming chambers with staggered passages through whichthe firing circuit of the kiln follows a waved course; fuel feedingmeans leading to the chambers and nues placing .the

chambers in communication with a smoke ue;

a heat conducting flue, passages formed in the division walls, and meansfor causing heat from the conducting ue to now around the passages inthe division walls so that these can be warmed 11p.

4. A kiln for drying and burning bricks, tiles 'and similar articlescomprising in combination main enclosing walls, division walls withinthe main walls, chambers formed by said division walls and havingstaggered passages through which the nring circuit of the kiln follows awaved course; fuel feeding means leading to the chambers and ues placingthe chambers in communication with a smoke flue; a heat conducting flue,continuous waved passages formed in the division Walls and leading fromthe heat conducting flue to a surrounding flue, and means for causingheat from the conducting flue to flow around the passages in thedivision walls and warm them up,

and means for controlling the flues which lead from the chambers and theflues in the division walls.

5. A kiln for drying and burning bricks, tiles Vand similar articlescomprising main walls and `means whereby the passages in the divisionwalls can be placed in communication with the atmosphere and cool airmay be drawn around said passages for cooling down the chambers, saidmeans comprising ues communicating with the feeding means to thechambers and with the ues in the division walls.

6. Kiln for drying and burning bricks, tiles and similar articles inwhich the kiln is divided into a number of chambers for containing thegoods to be treated, the gas entrances and exits to these chambers beingstaggered whereby the gases fol- 10W a tortuous or zigzag path throughthe kiln, and in Which the division Walls contain passages through whichheat can be circulated from a 5 conduit or iiue and the chambers arewarmed up Without the hot gases entering the chambers.

ALOIS HABLA.

